The Comparison of the Road and Into the Wild Essay

The Comparisons of the Boys Two popular novels that are read in English literature today are Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer and The Road by Cormac McCarthy. Both these books share three valuable comparisons. One being that both protagonists go on a self-evolving and physical journey, another that both the fathers in the novel share demanding relationships with their sons, and the lessons that both boys learned. A journey does not have to be simply walking through the woods. It can actually be a person going through an internal transformation. In Into the Wild and The Road Chris McCandles and the young boy go through their own transformations on their journey. The young boys matures over the course of his journey with his changing†¦show more content†¦Parents can have influencing decisions on children when they are still at a small age of being dependent on others. All throughout The Road the father constantly tells his son the next route on the journey, who to and to not trust, and decisions he must ma ke. Ever since the day where the whole world diminished the father began to map out of the route the two men would take leaving his son with no room for his input. The father would never let his son be an open-minded individual and get to know people for who they are. A prime example of this is when the men stumble open a poor, old, dirty man sitting on the ground of their path with hardly any clothing on and his bone deteriorating. The father believes the vagabond is trying to steal food and the son believes he truly just needs help. The boy finds it in his heard to give the man a jar of peaches but his father is very hesitant and insist that the boy must not continue speaking to the homeless man and too specifically not ask him to dinner. The young boy crushed by his fathers ignorance and crude behavior begins to see a change in his father and really trust if his father is trying to protect the both of them or just scared of getting to know people. At the end of the story when th e father passes away he passes on the torch to his son to be able to make executive decisions and all of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Grapes Of Wrath 1436 Words   |  6 PagesT.C. Boyle utilizes his description of the coyote in order to draw its comparison to the Mexican immigrants. The coyote makes its first appearance in the novel when Delaney and Kyra Mossbacher look into their backyard and realize one has jumped over the fence and snatched their beloved dog, Sacheverell. Distraught and infuriated, the Mossbachers decide to build a higher fence in their backyard to keep the coyotes and other wild animals from entering. The coyote, however, comes back, and hurdles theRead MoreAnalytical Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesTrips to the wild are experiences that fathers and sons have always shared. In the wild they will not only get closer to nature; they will get closer to each other. Furthermore, these trips are a possibility for fathers to pass knowledge to their sons. In Mark Slouka’s short story â€Å"Crossing† from 2009 a father takes his son on such a trip. But nature is not an opponent that should be underestimated, and the family gets to experience just how brutal nature can really be, when you do not watch yourRead MoreProblems Associated With Flood Patterns And Poor Water Quality1630 Words   |  7 Pageswater quality has had on ecology. The main aim therefore was to improve the water quality and biodiversity in order to meet the demands of EU Legislation, during a three-year pilot project. The approach was provided by the WILD Project (Water with Integrated Local Delivery). The WILD Project was initiated in 2013, by FWAG (The Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group), set within the Cotswold Water Park (FWAG South West, 2015). The EU Legislative Body is the Water Framework Directive (WFD) defining a waterRead MoreChristianity And Paganism In Beowulf775 Words   |  4 Pageswater was infested/ with all kinds of reptiles. There were writhing sea-dragons/ and monsters slouching on slopes by the cliff, / serpents and wild things such as those that often/surface at dawn to roam the sail-road/and doom the voyage. Down they plunged, / lashing in anger at the loud call/ of the battle-bugle† (1425-1429). The swamp is infested with many wild beasts, by nature bloodthirsty and murderous, just like Grendel who becomes a monster through adopting sinful actions and bringing honorableRead MoreAnimals Back Into The Wild1671 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The release of animals back into the wild plays a substantial role in the welfare of them and in the conservation of endangered species. Despite the importance in the welfare and conservation, another reason to release wild animals is the scientific purpose considerations, such as monitoring diseases, and environmental problems. The factors that should be considered in a releasing process are divided in six areas: the ability of the animals to acquire and process food, ability to avoidRead MoreSkies the Limit: Chris McCandless1117 Words   |  4 PagesSkies the Limit Imagine being stuck in the wild, on the verge of dying from either starvation or freezing to death. There are not enough resources, not enough food, all you have left is to hope. Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, is a story written of a man named Chris McCandless who overall did not like his life. He thought society corrupted his dreams that he previously set, and he wanted to get away from all of societies norms. Chris wanted to achieve his dream, he wanted a â€Å"thrill† in his lifeRead MoreWizard of Oz1706 Words   |  7 PagesLion in search of courage. There are parallels to the characters she meets in relation to her family and neighbors back in Kansas, therefore reinforcing her homesickness and the determination to return home. As their adventures down the yellow brick road begins, it takes them on to see the wizard who can fulfill their wishes. The Wizard of Oz was Oscar-nominated for Best Picture, Color Cinematography, Interior Decoration, and Special Effects and won awards for Best Song (Over theRead MoreBurger King : The Financial Analysis1016 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial activities, this narrative research paper is going to explain what is going to have the greater advantage in the end. The bigger bang for your buck if you will. Processing all the information will give us the insight to figure out this great comparison. Keywords: cash flow, financial, income statement, information, processing Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 4 MCD ANALYSIS 4 Subsection 1.1.a # Subsection 1.1.b # CHAPTER 2 # SECTION 2.1 # SECTION 2.2 # CHAPTER 3 # SECTIONRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And The Marine Amusement Parks Around The World1585 Words   |  7 Pageshave been known to live 70 to 100 years in the wild. Although there are whales in captivity living as old as 30 years, the average in captivity is 20 years. This is the average age of surviving whales in captivity. A new paper published in the Journal of Marine Mammal Science found that although captive orca life spans have improved since the 1960’s when they were first put into captivity, their longevity is statistically poor in comparison to wild whales. â€Å"The median survival rate for orca whalesRead MoreThe Theme Of American Dream In The Great Gatsby859 Words   |  4 Pagestalks about the American Dream on his novel as it takes place in the roaring 20’s. Which is played through different characters in the book. This dream will actually come true, and turn into greatness after a long time of hardships and bumps along the road. The persona’s in the novel play this role where they all seek and want something which is affected with what stands there in their real world. Starting with the worst misleading idea of this dream Myrtle, who is having a love affair with a married

Economic Profile of the Airline Industry Essay - 2195 Words

Economic Profile of the Airline Industry Airlines use a formula of combining their yield and inventory costs to determine ticket prices. While it is imperative to focus on the idea of being profitable, the focus is to maximize the cost of the flight revenue. One huge factor that encourages an increase in the cost of tickets relates to a customer ordering a ticket close to the departing date, define this as a risk factor because they need to make up for all unsold seats. A high percentage of the revenue is dedicated to overhead costs such as fuel and labor. When a ticket price is higher with one airline than the other, the customer interprets this as being an excessive cost. The demand is greatly affected by the external market†¦show more content†¦Since the airline industry is a direct product of market conditions, it is greatly affected by all externalities. Many people noticed a decline in travel after the September 11th tragedy occurred due to safety concerns. When there is a huge increase in fares that definitely interferes with the demand for travel; it causes the price of tickets to continue to rise since a clear correlation between supply and demand exists. When the economy is doing well in terms of the employment rate, and when the dollar is strong people have the tendency to travel more (Jerram,1998). In the long run however, if there is persistent low demand, there can be job reductions in the airline industry and even the number of planes can be changed. So there is inelastic price elasticity of supply in the short run. This leads the airlines to reduce rates they charge to passengers when there is a lean season. In the long term the price elasticity of supply is elastic. The long term in this industry is defined as the time taken to reduce the fleet of planes and the time taken to re structure the workforce. The airline industry is interpreted as being very unstable due to the immediate reaction to tragedies. The airline industry was affected following the September 11th tragedy and it affected other industries indirectly. The airline industry plays a key role inShow MoreRelatedEconomic Profile: Airline Industry2794 Words   |  12 PagesEconomic Profile: Airline Industry Introduction The airline industry provides services for passenger and cargo transport. Over the years the airline industry has faired fairly decent. That is, until the September 11 tragedy in 2001. From 1995 through 2000, the airline industry earned about $23 billion then lost about $35 billion from 2001 through 2005 (McCabe, R., 2008). There are many factors that indicate the economic downfall of the airline industry after the September 11 incident. The purposeRead MorePest And 5 Forces Analysis1689 Words   |  7 PagesPEST and 5-Forces Analysis a. Like any industry, the Airlines industry is influenced by outside environmental forces. These forces can include Political, Environmental, Social, and Technological, or â€Å"PEST.† The â€Å"PEST† forces impact supply, demand, and competition differently in all industries and all firms. Based on the â€Å"PEST† analysis performed we will be able to better understand what external forces drive and influence competition in the airline industry today. This analysis will help provideRead MoreThe Flight Of The Airline Industry1231 Words   |  5 PagesOffice air mail), cargo services (e.g. Ford) and passenger service airlines had emerged during this period. With the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, it opened a new chapter for the airline industry (Air Transport Industry, 2014). Thought out the past 110 years, the airline industry progressed with technology aspect as well as the economic aspect; recessions, economic downturns and oil crisis have im pacted the industry (Zarb B. , 2014). The air travel in the United States grew fast untilRead MoreHigh Cost Of Entry And Market Domination Limits Entrants Into The Industry863 Words   |  4 Pagesand market domination limits entrants into the industry. The upfront cost for new airlines is capital intensive. In addition, it’s difficult for new airlines to obtain airport slots for takeoff and landing which are determined by the airports. Established airlines already hold the monopoly over slots at certain airports, making it harder for new airlines to infiltrate (Airlines Industry Profile, 2014). The industry is also dominated by five key airlines; American, United, Delta, Southwest and JetBlueRead MorePorters Five Forces Analysis1348 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing the External Environment: Southwest Airlines Porters Five Forces Threat of New Competition The Airline Industry: Trends, Challenges, Strategies. http://sydney.edu.au/business/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/67789/johnw-presentation.pdf This Power Point presentation discusses the various factors that present challenges for new competition entrance in the airline industry. In terms of the Porters Five Forces evaluation, this document is a good starting point for determining the types ofRead MoreThe Success Of Delta Team896 Words   |  4 PagesConstant innovation is the key to Delta’s success. Delta realizes they compete in an industry where profit margins are small and the end product is essentially the same. Because of this, they believe that constant innovation and improvements to operations is the key for success. Delta has built a business around characteristic that other airlines don’t offer and have capitalized on the areas where other airlines need improvements. As they move forward, they will continue to bring innovative thinkingRead MoreSituational Analysis Of Jetblue1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdestinations in the United States, the Caribbean and Latin America. The airline uses various strate gies such as interlining to meet more consumer demands and introduce its premium service, Mint, which aids in the expansion into emerging markets and developing nations. This case analysis describes the history of JetBlue, it’s products and services, an assessment of the firm’s strategic position and performance within the airline industry, issues that pose a threat to the organization and areas of growthRead MoreMarketing Mix- Virgin Atlantic1112 Words   |  5 Pagespoint out some of these key strategies Isolating Its Target Market The airline decided early on that its target market would be business men and leisure travelers. By catering solely to this target, virgin created a niche market for itself giving it a slight advantage over its competitors, who at the time, dealt with all types of customers. This is market segmentation. [ (identifying-market-segments) ] It allowed the airline to focused all its efforts on ensuring its target audience It is easierRead MorePestel Analysis Thai Airways995 Words   |  4 Pages labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability by THAI airways Recently THAI airways stated that the growing economy will boost travel and passengers if Thailand has no political problems. Economic Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate of THAI airways. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect THAI’s cost of capital and thereforeRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyze the industry in which your selected Company/Brand operates. For example, Coach operates in the luxury handbag industry. 1 - Using outside sources (cite and reference each source), provide an analysis of the industry. Include specifics on competing brands when possible. Ideas of information to search for: market size/growth rate, industry sales, market share among competitors, current trends, consumer characteristics, product differentiation strategies, and other similar industry data. Industry

The Short Cut Home Free Essays

Peter and his friends were discussing the rumours about a street which is a shortcut from school to his house. They were talking about how the street is deserted, with only one house in the middle. When they were walking home from school the pace of Peter’s steps increased as they went past it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Cut Home or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peter felt a shiver going down his spine. The street was pitch black as there were no streetlights. There were wooden planks boarding up the windows. The next day, Peter was going home from school. It was dark and he was walking alone as he had got an hour’s detention after school for swearing at a teacher. He thought to himself that he should take the shortcut home as he was late. Suddenly he stopped. He thought about the things his friends had been talking about. â€Å"A murder happened here 2 days ago† Laura said. He was thinking should he go or not. â€Å"All that stuff is nonsense† he thought and stepped into the dark, pitched black street. At first it felt normal, but as he kept on going he saw a strange light flicker in the old, abandoned house. He jumped and stopped. Should he go back or keep walking? Peter deep in his thoughts went nearer to the house. He didn’t know what he was thinking. As he reached nearer and nearer to the house, he felt his neck tingle. The window was high so Peter got a small box and placed in under the sill. He looked and peeped through a small hole in the plank. He could see out of the corner of his eye a man. A thin man, tall with a long overcoat on. He had a shiny kitchen knife. Peter suddenly saw a woman on the floor with tape masked over her mouth. Her hands and feet were tied. â€Å"BANG!† Peter fell off the box. The man heard the sound and ran to the front door. Peter swiftly went to the back of the house and hid behind a bush. The man shouted â€Å"Who’s there?!† Peter, not knowing what he should do stayed deadly still. He felt the footsteps getting closer and closer. Thoughts were running through his mind. â€Å"Why did I come here? What should I do?† Run or stay? If he ran he might get caught but he might still get caught just staying there. The man kept getting closer and closer. Peter could hear his heart beating. Then the footsteps suddenly stopped. Peter was sure he was still there but at the same time he was sure that he had gone. He peeped over bush. The man was walking back, checking the grounds as he was going. Peter desperate to get out of there ran as fast as he could. The man stealthily shifted round and saw a glimpse of Peter’s face. He ran after Peter. Peter was running as fast as he could, trying to catch his breath. The man reached out and he was about two-three centimetres away from him. He grabbed Peter. He was scared to death and he burst into tears. The man took Peter quickly into his house. As Peter entered he could see his own breath. It was cold. Peter felt like he was entering a freezer. He saw the woman lying on the floor. Her mouth masked and her hands and feet tied together. There were knives on the floor next to the woman. Peter jumped and screamed. The man put his hand over Peter’s mouth and commanded him to â€Å"Shut up or you’ll get the same thing as the woman.† Peter slowly calmed down and got his breath back. Thoughts were running through his mind. Should he go for the door? What did he mean by saying â€Å"the same thing as the woman?† Was he going to let him go? Maybe it was just a plan to shut him up. â€Å"Look, this is the important thing. You’ve got to promise me something† explained the man. Peter nodded his head. â€Å"If I let you go, you’ve got to promise not to tell a soul about what you saw in this house. Even if you mention one tiny bit then I’m coming after you.† Peter nodded in fear. â€Å"I’ll be onto you faster than a dog on a cat. Don’t underestimate me lad. If you cross me then you’ve had it. Understood?† shouted the man. Peter let out a low grunt. The man led Peter to the door and let him go. He ran as fast as he could until the dark, pitched black street disappeared and he reached the gentle, warm glow of the streetlights. When Peter got home he went upstairs and quickly got into his bed. Peter woke up the next day feeling much better. He went to school with a big bright smile on his face looking like nothing happened to him. As he reached school he decided that he should tell his mates what happened as he thought the man doesn’t even know where he lives so how can he do anything to him? His mates didn’t believe him at first but eventually they did. Peter wasn’t scared of the man anymore. That evening, when Peter reached home after school, his phone rang. He picked it up. â€Å"Hello†, Peter said. â€Å"You’re dead†, barked a hard voice. Peter realised it was the man from the house. â€Å"I know where you live and I’m coming to get you!† How to cite The Short Cut Home, Papers

Parcel2go Online Business of the Year 2010 Award

Question: Assignment Brief OverviewParcel2Go.com: Online Business of the Year 2010 Award Honoured at Fast Growth BusinessParcel2Go.com is one of the largest parcel delivery companies in the UK, operating through passing on the savings of long term contracts and bulk space purchases with established couriers to offer small to medium enterprises a cost-effective courier service. The judges were impressed with the consistently strong growth firm, with revenues now up to 9m-a-year. Chief executive and founder Fil Adams-Mercer has grown the business into Britain's biggest independent online parcel delivery (Source https://www.growingbusiness.co.uk/online-business-of-the-year.html. Accessed 23 May 2010). Website www.parcel2go.com Understand the impact of e-commerce (Learning Outcome 2) Analyse both the business and consumer impact, including risks of introducing the e-Commerce system by a company like Parcel2Go.com. Drawing on the case study of Parcel2Go.com, discuss the global impact (advantages a nd disadvantages) of e-Commerce on society. Be able to design e-commerce solutions (Learning Outcome 3) Explain how you would investigate market potential of an e-Commerce opportunity for a company like Parcel2Go.com. Using an appropriate evaluation criterion, evaluate the e-Commerce system of Parcel2Go.com. Discuss the financial implications (advantages and disadvantages) of the e-Commerce solution of Parcel2Go.com. Discuss what technical, security, financial (payments) and legal aspects you would consider in designing an e-Commerce solution for a business like Parcel2Go.com. Evaluate the e-Commerce solution of a company like Parcel2Go.com. You should consider the requirements of both the front end users (e.g. usability, confidentiality, site search, ability to order, etc.) and back end users (e.g. security, adherence to legal frameworks, etc.). Answer: Context Parcel2go.com is an online service that helps that people to compare the price of the parcel delivery services that are available in different corners of the world. On the website itself, the user can just enter the details of the parcel, from where to where the parcel needs to go and also the weight of the parcel. Accordingly, different parcel delivery services that can provide the services that the user requires will be seen. Accordingly, the user can choose one of the services that they like due to the price and also the pick-up and drop services that are available. The business claims that they can provide parcel delivery services at a most affordable service that one can think about. The users can get services at a very cheap price. The users can trust the customer and looking at the customer base, it can be seen that most of the sellers on Amazon and Ebay also prefer to use this service rather than that of any other service. The technology used in Parcel2go.com is the strength of the business. The website is directly linked with the service providers and hence, the user can be rest assured that their pick-up request or drop off request has reached the concerned courier service. Parcel2go.coms responsibility doesnt end with providing quotes and linking between the customer and also the service provider, they have a customer care service in place. Rather than that of going to the service provider for any problem, the customer can get in touch with Parcel2go.com. This reduces the hectic process. Understand the structure and aims of the business organizations Core business function of Parcel2go.com Different set of services are provided by Parcel2go.com. Few of the services that are provided by Parcel2go.com are as follows: - First and foremost, Parcel2go.com will help the customer to find parcel delivery service that can offer best of service at an affordable price. The user can choose the service depending on the needs and requirements. Parcel2go.com also has a customer care service. If the user is trying to reach the parcel delivery service provider through Parcel2go.com then they help the customer in any type of customer queries. Aims of Parcel2go.com and its relation with stakeholders The aims of Parcel2go.com are different than that of the other parcel delivering services. Few of the aims and the impact on the stakeholders are as follows: - Parcel2go.com wants the customers to get all the details regarding parcel delivery at one place. Any customer can get all the details regarding the parcel service in this website. The customers can compare the price and also the speed of delivery. Accordingly, the customer can choose the service. Parcel2go.com believes in keeping the details of their customers with themselves. A customer can track the parcel details through Parcel2go.com if they have sent the parcel through this website. This reduces the burden on the parcel delivery company and at the customer can also get the data that they require immediately as they dont need to get in with the actual parcel delivery service. Understand the impact of e-commerce Impact of e-commerce on Parcel2go.com There are various advantages as well as disadvantages associated with the impact of e-commerce on Parcel2go.com. Few of the advantages and the disadvantages and it is discussed below. With the help of ecommerce solution, parcel2go.com is able to reach a wider market. Without the presence of ecommerce solution, the business will be able to furnish only nationally but that is not the case now with parcel2go.com. Parcel2go.com is a smaller company but it is able to complete with larger companies. In fact, with the help of ecommerce, parcel2go.com has got a chance to work with businesses like Amazon and ebay. Parcel2go.com need not make much investment in staffing and this is one of the reasons due to which most of the companies today are opting for parcel2go.com solutions rather than that of manual systems. Ecommerce solution can be accessible at all point of time and this allows the customers to get the information that they require at any point of time. Like advantages, there are disadvantages too. Not only parcel2go.com but there is plenty of similar companies. Due to the presence of ecommerce, the competition is very stiff and all the similar companies will be op erating at international level. Ecommerce solution is not cheap in price and hence, the management will have to be ready so that they can make investments. Every additional feature requires an investment so this needs to be considered by businesses, before they opt for ecommerce solutions. Most of the customers will be comfortable only when they get a chance to meet personnel in person. Due to this reason, all the customers will not opt for parcel2go.com (Mindtools n.d.). Impact of ecommerce solution on customers Just like the business, the customers of parcel2go.com will have to deal with advantages as well as disadvantages. Few of the advantages and disadvantages, due to the usage of ecommerce solution, for parcel2go.com are discussed below.Customers can just get all the information that they require at any point of time. If the customer wants some important information regarding the parcel delivery service, in the mid-night, then they can get this from the parcel2go.com website. If the customer wants to collect information about various service providers then they will have to invest at least a days time but this time is saved when they are opting for an ecommerce solution like parcel2go.com.Ecommerce solution can create a lot of problems to the customers so that needs to be well understood by the customers. Few of customers of parcel2go.com feels insecure about the money transaction that the make. Customers enter their debit card and credit card details so there are very high chances that it might be misused by some unwanted source. If the customer is going to use parcel2go.com then they will be concerned about privacy. If a customer shares their email information then there are high chances that it can be used for marketing. Apart from that, to avail the service of parcel2go.com, the customer will have to make payment so the customer may be concerned about the quality and standard of service that they may receive. Impact on ecommerce solution on global impact Ecommerce solution of parcel2go.com creates an impact globally. Few of the impact of ecommerce solution on the society are discussed below.The job market is impacted a lot due to the implementation of ecommerce solution. In the absence of ecommerce solutions, most of the people use to walk in the store so there were employment opportunities for sales executives, cashier and other position but with the introduction of ecommerce solutions, openings like software developer, software tester, data entry operator have come into existence.Frauds are creating a great impact on the society. Every now and then, online frauds are heard of and this is due to ecommerce solutions. The ecommerce solutions are putting in efforts to ensure that the transactions are safe and confidential but it is highly impossible to stop all the frauds.The small retailers in the market are forced to shut down due to the growing ecommerce solutions. The brick and mortar retailers will have to pay for the physical spa ce but that is not the case with online retailers. Online retailers are able to offer very high discount to the customers and hence, the customers are rushing to online retail stores over the physical stores that are available in different localities.Talking about parcel2go.com, it can be said that the number of people who have opted for this business is more than that of people who stick to individual parcel delivery services. Only few courier services are associated with parcel2go.com. Due to this, other parcel delivery services are affected (Slideshare 2012). Be able to design e-commerce solutions Market potential of ecommerce opportunity Before the management of parcel2go.com decides to go ahead with an ecommerce solution, they need to decide on few things so that they have an ecommerce website that will be liked by the end user and at the same time, it will be considered to be appropriate by back end developers as well. First and foremost, parcelto2.com needs to understand their current position. This will help the management to understand the current ecommerce solution and its impact on the strategies of the organization. The current ecommerce solution will help the management to understand the direction in which they need to move further. The management needs to decide where the organization wants to go. Parcel2go.com should try to understand the expectations of customer. The new ecommerce solution should be in sync with the requirements of the customer. The management should compare the current position and also the future expectations from the ecommerce solution that they are having. Lastly, the management should understand if they are ready to take this at this point of time. Parcel2go is completely dependent on ecommerce solutions for the growth of their business and hence, they will have to ensure if the customers will accept the new ecommerce solution that will be implemented. Parcel2go.com should also consider the investment that they will have to make and also the money that the management is having so that there is no shortage of funds. In case of shortage of funds, the management will have to stop the implementation of new ecommerce solution, half way (Insite n.d.). Evaluation of the ecommerce system of Parcel2go.com Parcel2go.com has achieved business awards because of the ecommerce solution that they have in place. Evaluating the ecommerce solution will help the business to understand the further improvements that can be done to the existing ecommerce solution. Parcel2go.com has a very light weighted website and hence, it takes less time to load. This website is capable enough to take loads. During the festive season, a lot of small eBay and Amazon dealers will be using this so this traffic can be handled by the existing ecommerce solution. Parcel2.go.com clearly talks about the services that they provide. Any person will visit this website to check on the price of parcels that they are willing to deliver. This is well known by the management and hence, the first page of the website allows the customer to check the price of the parcel that they can send. Talking about the weaknesses, parcel2go.com doesnt have a search box in their website. It is very important to have search box so that the customer can direct get the particular information that they are looking for rather than searching on the complete website for a small bit of information. Parcel2go.com has strong reporting tools as this allows the back-end developer to understand the behavior of the user who visits the website. Tracking the behavior of the user will allow the developer to make further changes that will make things easy for the user. Ecommerce solution of parcel2go.com creates an impact globally. Few of the impact of ecommerce solution on the society are discussed below.The job market is impacted a lot due to the implementation of ecommerce solution. In the absence of ecommerce solutions, most of the people use to walk in the store so there were employment opportunities for sales executives, cashier and other position but with the introduction of ecommerce solutions, openings like software developer, software tester, data entry operator have come into existence.Frauds are creating a great impact on the society. Every now and then, online frauds are heard of and this is due to ecommerce solutions. The ecommerce solutions are putting in efforts to ensure that the transactions are safe and confidential but it is highly impossible to stop all the frauds.The small retailers in the market are forced to shut down due to the growing ecommerce solutions. The brick and mortar retailers will have to pay for the physical spa ce but that is not the case with online retailers. Online retailers are able to offer very high discount to the customers and hence, the customers are rushing to online retail stores over the physical stores that are available in different localities.Talking about parcel2go.com, it can be said that the number of people who have opted for this business is more than that of people who stick to individual parcel delivery services. Only few courier services are associated with parcel2go.com. Due to this, other parcel delivery services are affected (Slideshare 2012). Technical, security, financial and legal aspects of ecommerce solution While ecommerce solution is being designed for a business, certain aspects needs to be considered so that the business requirements can be met by the ecommerce solution that is implemented. Few of the considerations on various aspects are discussed below. First and foremost, the technical aspects of the ecommerce solution need to be considered. Most of the management may not be aware of the technical aspects and in such a situation, the management should hire a technical person who can co-ordinate with the team or organization that is into website development. Few of the technologies are open source while others are paid. If the ecommerce solution can be designed on a free website then the cost of development would be less. While for developing websites on technologies like Dot Net and Java would be expensive. If the website will include financial transactions heavily then it is better to go ahead with technologies like Dot Net and Java. Security aspect of the ecommerce solution needs to be considered otherwise there are very high possibilities that the confidential data about the customer is misused. Authentication is one of the simple ways by which the ecommerce solution will allow the customer only to visit their account only. There are very high chances that the authentication through password may be misused and hence, authorization comes into picture. Authorization will ensure that only the customer can login into their account. Hiding the encryption can also be undertaken so that the entered password will not be seen by someone who is standing next to the user. The management should decide on the payment that they are willing to do for an ecommerce solution and the organization should have money in buffer. Due to shortage of funds, the management should not compromise on the quality of the website as this can be very risky. The selection of technology will also create an impact on the money that they are paying (Grabowski 2012). Requirements of the frontend and backend users Apart from the technical, security and financial aspects, the management also needs to consider the legal aspect of setting up a website. The legal aspect starts with the domain name. The management should ensure that a particular domain name which is not chosen by any other business will have to be chosen. Once they have chosen a domain name, it should be registered so that none of them can copy the same name in the near future. Apart from that, every time a new user enrolls in the website. The management will have to understand that they are entering into a legal contract with them. It is the responsibility of the organization to ensure that all the terms of the contract is followed. The front end users requirement from an ecommerce solution will be different than that of a backend user. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that the requirements of both the users are fulfilled. Few of the requirements of the backend users and frontend users are discussed below. The frontend users will look for website that is user-friendly. The user will expect to see all the information that they require at a glimpse rather than that of searching the whole website to find the information that they require. At the same time, the frontend users want all the data that they provide to be confidential. The personal data provided in the website can be misused by marketers so that needs to be safeguarded along with the financial data. The backend users will look for easy management. The backend users would like to have a system wherein they can update the information that they require immediately without following a long process. At the same time, they will look for a system wherein they can download the customer orders with ease (Gosafeonline 2011). Conclusion Parcel2go.com is an ecommerce which has been well thought. A lot of people are confused regarding the parcel delivery service that they can use because of the cost associated with it. Parcelgo.com allows the customer to check on the best price and service that they can get from the various parcel delivery services. The technology used in Parcel2go.com is the strength of the business. The website is directly linked with the service providers and hence, the user can be rest assured that their pick-up request or drop off request has reached the concerned courier service. Parcel2go.com has strong reporting tools as this allows the back-end developer to understand the behavior of the user who visits the website. References Gosafeonline, 2011, A Quick Look on Managing E-Commerce Risk and Fraud, Retrieved on 3rd April, 2015 https://www.gosafeonline.sg/a_quick_look_on_managing_e_commerce_risk_and_fraud Grabowski, P, 2012, How to Develop a Value Proposition in eCommerce, Retrieved on 3rd April, 2015, https://ecommerceinsiders.com/develop-proposition-ecommerce-543/ Insite, Key Stakeholders in B2B E-Commerce Success, Retrieved on 3rd April, 2015, https://www.info.insitesoft.com/Insite-Software-Blog/bid/83334/Key-Stakeholders-in-B2B-E-Commerce-Success Mindtools, Porters Five Forces, Retrieved on 3rd April, 2015, https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm Slideshare, 2012, Ecommerce in 2012, Retrieved on 31nst December, 2013, https://www.slideshare.net/AnnaPietka/e-commerce-new-business-models-14291829#btnNext

Increasing Marijuana Use in High School

Anahad O’Connor article on marijuana and its usage in American school is informative. Marijuana is a commonly used drug in the United States, as well as other countries in the world. The effects of marijuana are known to be extreme and unhealthy especially among the youth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Increasing Marijuana Use in High School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More O’Connor’s article gives an insight on how marijuana use is increasing among high school students in the United States. The author’s concerns in the article are that the usage of marijuana is becoming prevalent among the American youth. Moreover, the author is concerned about regulations and restrictions against the use and trade of marijuana. From the article, it is evident that the author is worried by the physical and psychological damage caused by marijuana. It is evident that the author is against the publica tion and marketing of the medical marijuana among the youth. In this regard, the article includes a scientific perspective about the harmful effects of marijuana to an adolescent’s brain. In addition, the article has been written to compare the use of marijuana against other common drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes. From the article, it is evident that the usage of marijuana is prevalent among high school students. At least 90% of high schools students in the United States are adolescents. Moreover, marijuana is legally traded in at least 20 states, in the United States. From the article, an estimated 12% of students in the eighth grade have consumed marijuana. Moreover, 36% of senior high school students across the United States have indulged in drug abuse. Further research on the same reveals that peer pressure is the main cause of marijuana abuse among adolescents in high schools. The adolescents who use marijuana risk their health in several ways. For example, marijuan a inhibits brain development since the white matter is yet to develop fully during adolescence. From this perspective, marijuana affects the cognitive function of an adolescent. Therefore, it becomes common to find a high schools student experiencing learning disabilities compared to non-marijuana users. Individuals who abuse marijuana are known to be hyperactive. In this regard, adolescents using marijuana are hyperactive, and symptoms of violence and social withdrawal are common. It is rare to find improved academic performance among students who abuse marijuana.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article is interesting to education stakeholders who may want to understand the usage of drugs among highs school students. The article is insightful on matters pertaining to the dangers of marijuana from a scientific perspective. The article’s inclusion of scientific studies on da ngers of marijuana on an adolescent’s brain is interesting. This offers critical information for researchers who may want to conduct research on related issues. The article is educative and can be used as a source of information during establishment of drug regulation policies in high school education. Moreover, the article can provide critical information for regulation policies on proliferation of the marijuana trade in the United States. The choice for the article was significant in understanding the problem of marijuana among high school students. In addition, the author’s lack of bias in the article is crucial in forming a reader’s perspective about marijuana. Moreover, the article is not based on mere assumption and heresy, but scientifically proven research. In fact, the article offers a platform for a debate about the legalization of marijuana in the United States. Works Cited O’Connor, Anahad. â€Å"Increasing marijuana use in high school is rep orted†. The New York Times 18 Dec. 2013: 1A. Web. https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/growing-marijuana-use-among-teenagers-spurs-concerns/ This essay on Increasing Marijuana Use in High School was written and submitted by user Nixon Kirkland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Discrimination And Harassment

Discrimination And Harassment Free Online Research Papers Discrimination and harassment are serious problems in the workplace today. People are discriminated against and harassed about their sex, religion, race, weight, handicap, etc. For me, these issues are very unethical, and that’s all there is to it. Really, what does a person or a business gain from committing these selfish acts towards others? I guess a laugh here and there from people listening in on the harassment of a co-worker. I personally don’t see what anyone can gain from any of this and surely there is not one company out there who could gain anything from these two issues. Although, I do see where a company could lose a lot of money and also ruin the good reputation they once had. A good issue to look at for discrimination is the Lilly Ledbetter case. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act is named after a 70 year old woman, who worked for Goodyear Tire Company and was paid far less than her male co-workers for doing the same job day in and day out (Pickert 2009). She also experienced sexual harassment many times during her employment with Goodyear Tire. At one time she was asked by her boss for sexual favors of some sort in return for good job performance evaluations (Pickert 2009). When it came to Lilly’s attention that she was being paid around $1,000.00 less than her male co-workers’ she filed a complaint with the EEOC. Shortly after this Lilly was put on a job to lift heavy tires, which she personally felt was retribution (Pickert 2009). Ledbetter sued Goodyear, who said they paid her less than her male co-workers’ because she was not a good worker! Ledbetter fought and won the case being awarded $3.3 million. Only to have it reduced to around $300,000.00 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court also voted 5-4 against Ledbetter, that she was not entitled the compensation because she filed her claim more than 180 days after receiving her first discriminating paycheck (Pickert 2009). The court then sent stated that this was an issue for Congress to â€Å"clear up†. Clear up is just what Congress did. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was the first piece of legislation that President Obama signed into law after taking Office. This law states that workers discriminated on the basis of gender have a fair chance to sue their employer, and that each discriminated pay check, a person has 180 days to file suit (Pickert 2009). Not only after the first check. One issue that I’ve chose to write about in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace is one that is personal. It happened numerous times to my wife Monique at work in the R.V. facility she worked for. (I will not mention a company name, although it is now public knowledge). Monique had worked for the company for several months and had been dealing with sexual harassment for a couple of those months. It had started with simple little phrases from the plant manger to my wife. Monique is a very fun and outgoing person who can take a â€Å"joke† or a remark as long as it doesn’t get out of hand and personal. She not once said anything back to (this also married man) her boss after a comment and did not complain for fear of being fired by him had she spoke to H.R. or the owner. The plant manager got physical with his sexual harassment one day and Monique told him that that was enough and he had better never do that again. When she came home from work and told me what had happened I immediately called the company and complained on her behalf, because she was not going to for fear of losing her job or being treated different at work. I told the owner that if the situation was handled properly that we would leave the issue alone. Nothing was done or said to this man about what had happened! It was not a week later and another incident occurs. Again, I called to her work about it. To make a long story short. My wife ended up quitting work for the company after being treated much differently than she had being coming forward. And not to mention a lot her co-workers’ somehow found out what had happened to her. Her boss was fired after the company found out we had obtained an attorney and had filed suit against them for sexual harassment. The company settle d the case for a good price out of their pocket and admitted to the wrong-doing on their behalf. There is no room for harassment of this, or any sort in the work place. All that this does is distort it and make women/men afraid to go into a job where they are outnumbered by the opposite sex in fear of this. No one wants to go into a job and be harassed. Whether it is little verbal comments or the bad physical rubs, pats, smacks, etc†¦ When this happens we feel like we cannot say anything for fear of losing our job, or even simply that no one will believe us. Sexual harassment cases filed with the EEOC and the state and local Fair Employment Practices agencies around the country that have a work sharing agreement with the commission have declined slowly since 1997. From 1997 to 2007 the total number of cases is as follows and in order from 1997-2007: 15,889, 15,618, 15,222, 15,836 (an incline from 1999 to 2000), 15,475, 14,396, 13,566, 13,136, 12,679, 12,025, and anther incline from 2006 to 2007 to 12,510 (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2008). By looking at these statistics I would say that sexual harassment is calming down a small fraction each year in the work place. It is far from where I feel it should be; and that is zero cases frilled each year. I believe that in Kantianism that this would be understood this as in no way doing the right thing and only for that reason. A Kantian would see no way that any action stated above would bring them, or anyone else true happiness at anytime. A Kantian would have nothing to gain in any way from these actions. Kantians use themselves as a guide to their actions. They know that they cannot and will not gain a single ounce of good from these actions. A Kantian would not consider sexual harassment or discrimination in or out of the work place. Kantians have a duty to do only what is morally right. As to the question of are there any areas of discrimination in the workforce that I believe are legitimate? My answer to this would be- absolutely not. There is nothing moral to me about discrimination or harassment. Not one thing good can come from this. Someone will always get hurt. If it is the person being harassed or discriminated against, the person doing the acts, or the company that all the individuals are employed by. Not one person will gain any real happiness or sense of well being from this. These acts are just immoral in my book. References Pickert, K. (2009, January 29). Lilly Ledbetter. Time. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1874954,00.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2008). Sexual Harassment Charges EEOC FEPAs Combined: FY 1997- FY 2007 (Publication number unavailable) Retrieved March 9 2009, from eeoc.gov/stats/harass.html Research Papers on Discrimination And HarassmentTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

First 3 Religion Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

First 3 Religion Journal - Essay Example The main questions worried modern religious leaders are s Should "practicing" Christian homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgendered people be allowed to serve as ordained ministers? Should the unions of gay and lesbian couples be recognized as legitimate marriages in the eyes of God? These and other questions rend congregations, denominations, and sometimes even our families. One side asserts that people should be welcomed into churches, into the ministry, and into our understanding of the American family regardless of their sexual orientation; the other side insists that any sexual preference other than heterosexuality is a sin and should be proscribed by all faithful Christians. No apparent solution to these disagreements lies on the horizon (Rudy 54). The presence and social acceptance of homosexuality challenges the concept of a God who is known solely or primarily through gender. By their very existence, gay people, and particularly gay Christians, contest the notion that human be ings are meant to live in nuclear, heterosexual families. As a result of their desire to be faithful to and known by God, conservative Christians today are producing an environment in which theological reassurance, salvation, American exceptionalism, homophobia, and political involvement have become gravely interdependent. The marriage doctrines of the Bible demonstrate that conservatives wholeheartedly support sex in instances that uphold the overarching structure of gendered theology. The vicious animosity directed toward homosexuals, along with other aspects of the family values, keeps women at home and dependent on men and thus guarantees every Christian man, woman, and child a relationship with God. Recognition that the bifurcation is not simply between "flesh" and "spirit" brings into sharp focus how hard conservative sexual ideology and the campaign for family values work to keep women in their place. The current struggle over homosexuality in the church, then, is not only a struggle about the morality of sexual preference; it is a conflict rooted in Christian identity and the nature of God (Rudy 51). The struggle among contemporary Christians over the moral acceptability of homosexuality is directly related to who God is perceived to be and how believers think God relates to us in the world tod ay. While the Christian Right championed and developed an extensive discourse about the value of the family and the sinfulness of homosexuality, mainline Christian denominations failed to issue clear, unambiguous statements on these issues. Even progressive Christians marshaled no counterpart to conservative rhetoric. In part this is due to the fact that the belief that the heterosexual nuclear family was both superior to other configurations and in need of protection was hard to escape. It was advocated not only by religious conservatives, but also by an assortment of scholars, journalists, and cultural critics who asserted the family's superiority on sociological or psychological rather than religious grounds (Rudy 54). Homosexuality violates traditional institution of marriage as a core of the society but religious believers have no right to blame or reject homosexual men. In religious tradition, the family is the source of values necessary for resistance to power and tendencies in the modern world. Another Christian justification of homosexuality rests on the idea that homosexual activity is no less moral than intentionally heterosexual activity; that is, homosexuality is morally equivalent to the use of birth control. 2. One of the nine fruits of Spirits is "Goodness". I suppose that goodness is important for every person because

Government Intervention on the Market Assignment

Government Intervention on the Market - Assignment Example Cash dropped suddenly to zero levels and researchers when marketers left in 1962 because of significant finding by market specialists during that time (SEC, 2010). Therefore, prices were destroyed by sudden drop of cash because of strict government regulation. 3. The crash extremely damaged the assurance of stakeholders, who tendered nineteen billion from local equity resources during that time when the increased outflow of cash during the crisis of 2008. The financial challenge contributed to the current financial crisis affecting the economy. 4. The phrase â€Å"like a balloon† means that the flash crash in the market is similar to a balloon when squeezed from one point the problem emerges from another point (SEC, 2010). Therefore, as the congress tries to fix the system by adding more regulation, in turn will contribute to several problems instead of solving them (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). Apart from this, the crash contributed to a expansion with potential long-term impact on economic markets. It also contributed to proposed ways of controlling future flash crash in the market prices using computerized procedures to control the stock markets. Such crashes happen abruptly and fast spread through the market affecting monetary flows. 5. Rules established by the government contributed to the flash crash. Several rules and regulation will make business persons become voracious marketers replaced by machines. This will make the situation worse by not having any support during increase of flash crash. Therefore, specialists noted that the society needed up creating a cheap price to unknown, difficult situation (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). In reality, the crash complex the disintegration of market cash undermining the essential price innovation process for evident stocks. The last regulation had been presented to aid the events of large supply market contestants, as well as a lot of

Consumer Health Informatics and Privacy Research Paper - 1

Consumer Health Informatics and Privacy - Research Paper Example er increasing demands at the healthcare delivery systems, expectations of the beneficiaries), in order to improve efficiency of clinicians and enhance quality of life of the populace on the planet. It is worth mentioning that there are numerous applications of Information Technology in healthcare and each of them is aimed at empowering all or at least one of the following stakeholders: healthcare delivery systems, clinicians and the patients alike. This research throws light two key issues those have been posing challenges for Consumer Health Informatics – one of the applications of information technology in healthcare. The research also lists the steps taken to address the challenges being faced by consumer health informatics. Consumer health informatics has been defined as (Eysenbach, 2000) â€Å"the branch of medical informatics that analyses consumers needs for information; studies and implements methods of making information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates consumers preferences into medical information systems.† The domain of consumer health informatics is majorly centered around the general information and advice from clinicians and other paramedical personnel, and this advice pertains to subjects like nutirition, general wellness, disease management, smoking etc. Users of consumer health informatics are not only those who are suffering from various ailments but even those who have been treated and are willing to share their experiences through bulletin boards, discussion forums and modalities of instant messaging, this kind of information sharing forms a two way communication model as this could take place when the users exchange information with the healthcare service prov iders and other users (Kieschnick, Adler, & Jimison, 1996). Social networking tools and modalities are helping the users of consumer health informatics to share information. IT researchers and practitioners have claimed that on one side IT applications

Crowd Simulation in Films

Crowd Simulation in Films This dissertation is about the study of crowd simulation and why the crowd simulation is in need in the movies. Particularly concentrating about the computer generated movies simulating a large crowd is the most difficult task in the production pipeline. So finding a better way to give the audience the feel of crowd is the challenge. Researching about the silhouettes and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to establish the crowd. Silhouettes helps in many ways to create a mystic mood. . As implementing silhouette in the crowd simulation will helps to reduce the secondary animation and facial expression. As there are so many softwares exist to helps the crowd simulation, This paper will focus on a procedure which will create a crowd simulation by transferring the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Chapter 1: Introduction Animation gives the life to the character. Animating a particular character takes a long time to give the feel. This dissertation is about researching the animation, animating the entire crowd is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is mainly carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a group of members, objects or characters. When simulating a large number of characters in a live feature film is not a big deal. Man power is more important in simulating a crowd in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from one character to many character is a big deal. A lot of research is done about the crowds and the formation of crowds in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies and sport events. 1.1| Aim: The main aim of the project is to achieve an essential method for crowd simulation for animation. 1.2| Research question: The research question for this study will be. What is crowd simulation? Why we need crowd simulation? Researching the existing crowd simulation method. Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method. How silhouette helpful for the animation poses? How silhouette will be useful for simulating a crowd? 1.3| Statement of problem: Animating the entire crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal but at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the different timing is the big deal. The another problem is that the rendering the whole scene with lots and lots of character in a particular scene will make the scene the most complicated one. So finding a better solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the different timing in their animation. There are several methods for the development of crowd simulation. The major method is using Mayas Dynamics. There are several external softwares which helps to simulate a entire crowd. But the method which said by this dissertation is quite simple and easier than comparing to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics. 1.4| Objectives: Various types of crowd simulation method. Silhouette/ Various types. To study the golden poses for animations. Explore the secondary motion for animation. New methods of producing crowd simulation. 1.5| Significance of study: Most of the computer generated movies currently released like Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a clear idea about the crowd simulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is about the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and developing a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters. This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future upcoming CG projects. 1.6| Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can easily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and also using the silhouette to visualize the crowd shot with a different perspective. Chapter 2: Review of literature This chapter will discuss about the article, books, Internet websites, publications which are related to this dissertation. There are few important topics are covered related to the cinematography, photography, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation. 2.1| Book and Internet websites: 1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Cinema in Digital Age It explains about the experiment carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This book mainly concentrated about the cinemas that are experimented in modern ages. They experimented using the different types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene. 2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film Art- An Introduction It explains about the art of film making, this gives the introduction about the film making. This book is referenced particularity to study about the lights and its uses. This gives a clear idea about the back lighting is and how essential to shoot a silhouette shot. 3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern photography It explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the Silhouette stills. 4. Frost, Lee,2003.,Photography It explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How different light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different environment. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting. 5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette: The Art of the Shadow It explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in Europe and America. 6. Popular Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173) This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photography and he particularity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources naturally become the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun. 7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulation This book is referenced for the purpose to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains. 8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital composting: Techniques for visual effects This book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post production pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D Max and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level. 9. http://www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is analyzed to study about the ways to achieve the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a tutor to the viewer about the ways to take silhouette photography. 10.http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. Professional animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation key poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on. 11.http://www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important guide to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the particle effects and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI. 12.http://www.creativecrash.com/tutorials/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the clip and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are guided using the expression editor. This method is based on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.) 2.2| Interpretation: By reviewing the literatures like books, magazines, articles and Internet websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a crystal clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the best way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1| Types of research: Analytical This dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the content from the Internet website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel. This dissertation is carried out with the information collected through different sources like: Magazines Journals Forums Research papers Books Internet Websites Articles Google search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather information from various websites around the web. 3.2| Population: The people who are suitable for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists. They were examined by series of questions regarding the simulation of an entire crowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors. 3.3| Sampling: Judgment Sampling 3.4| Scope and limitation: This research is limited to the simulation of crowd. Chapter 4:Crowd Simulation 4.1| Definition A crowd is defined to be collection of people or group of people[1]. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of humans as well as animals[2]. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such as riot, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, general meetings and sport events[3]. 4.2| Crowd: Scholars differ about what classes of social events fall under the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors include is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to carry out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types. The treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a similar view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors thought that their ideas were confirmed by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip mania (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841). At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are formed by emotional. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear. A number of authors modify the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. Turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is justified if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well. Some psychologists have proved that there are three fundamental human emotions: fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd: the panic (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). Each of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of six types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types. 4.3| Types of Natural crowd: There are already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are classified into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that influence it, we always like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task. Well thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital Nation site. He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing: Social production crowd: consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux. This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd: classifies exactly as a survey group, giving an average judgment about some complex matter in some cases, is more accurate than the judgment of any one individual person in the society. Nicholas Carr defines that prediction markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the stock market for that matter. Data mine crowd: A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioral data or information that can be collected verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain insight into behavioral or market patterns. The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing effort without knowing that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd: a group that exports and import information through a shared communication system such as the phone network or Internet service. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter. Here were not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services. After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by Clay Shirky, who was also, involved in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there! Transactional crowd: a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and similar services. Event crowd: A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose. Crowd Simulation in Films Crowd Simulation in Films This dissertation is about the study of crowd simulation and why the crowd simulation is in need in the movies. Particularly concentrating about the computer generated movies simulating a large crowd is the most difficult task in the production pipeline. So finding a better way to give the audience the feel of crowd is the challenge. Researching about the silhouettes and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to establish the crowd. Silhouettes helps in many ways to create a mystic mood. . As implementing silhouette in the crowd simulation will helps to reduce the secondary animation and facial expression. As there are so many softwares exist to helps the crowd simulation, This paper will focus on a procedure which will create a crowd simulation by transferring the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Chapter 1: Introduction Animation gives the life to the character. Animating a particular character takes a long time to give the feel. This dissertation is about researching the animation, animating the entire crowd is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is mainly carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a group of members, objects or characters. When simulating a large number of characters in a live feature film is not a big deal. Man power is more important in simulating a crowd in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from one character to many character is a big deal. A lot of research is done about the crowds and the formation of crowds in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies and sport events. 1.1| Aim: The main aim of the project is to achieve an essential method for crowd simulation for animation. 1.2| Research question: The research question for this study will be. What is crowd simulation? Why we need crowd simulation? Researching the existing crowd simulation method. Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method. How silhouette helpful for the animation poses? How silhouette will be useful for simulating a crowd? 1.3| Statement of problem: Animating the entire crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal but at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the different timing is the big deal. The another problem is that the rendering the whole scene with lots and lots of character in a particular scene will make the scene the most complicated one. So finding a better solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the different timing in their animation. There are several methods for the development of crowd simulation. The major method is using Mayas Dynamics. There are several external softwares which helps to simulate a entire crowd. But the method which said by this dissertation is quite simple and easier than comparing to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics. 1.4| Objectives: Various types of crowd simulation method. Silhouette/ Various types. To study the golden poses for animations. Explore the secondary motion for animation. New methods of producing crowd simulation. 1.5| Significance of study: Most of the computer generated movies currently released like Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a clear idea about the crowd simulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is about the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and developing a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters. This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future upcoming CG projects. 1.6| Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can easily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and also using the silhouette to visualize the crowd shot with a different perspective. Chapter 2: Review of literature This chapter will discuss about the article, books, Internet websites, publications which are related to this dissertation. There are few important topics are covered related to the cinematography, photography, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation. 2.1| Book and Internet websites: 1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Cinema in Digital Age It explains about the experiment carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This book mainly concentrated about the cinemas that are experimented in modern ages. They experimented using the different types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene. 2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film Art- An Introduction It explains about the art of film making, this gives the introduction about the film making. This book is referenced particularity to study about the lights and its uses. This gives a clear idea about the back lighting is and how essential to shoot a silhouette shot. 3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern photography It explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the Silhouette stills. 4. Frost, Lee,2003.,Photography It explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How different light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different environment. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting. 5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette: The Art of the Shadow It explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in Europe and America. 6. Popular Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173) This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photography and he particularity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources naturally become the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun. 7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulation This book is referenced for the purpose to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains. 8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital composting: Techniques for visual effects This book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post production pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D Max and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level. 9. http://www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is analyzed to study about the ways to achieve the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a tutor to the viewer about the ways to take silhouette photography. 10.http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. Professional animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation key poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on. 11.http://www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important guide to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the particle effects and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI. 12.http://www.creativecrash.com/tutorials/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the clip and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are guided using the expression editor. This method is based on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.) 2.2| Interpretation: By reviewing the literatures like books, magazines, articles and Internet websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a crystal clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the best way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1| Types of research: Analytical This dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the content from the Internet website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel. This dissertation is carried out with the information collected through different sources like: Magazines Journals Forums Research papers Books Internet Websites Articles Google search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather information from various websites around the web. 3.2| Population: The people who are suitable for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists. They were examined by series of questions regarding the simulation of an entire crowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors. 3.3| Sampling: Judgment Sampling 3.4| Scope and limitation: This research is limited to the simulation of crowd. Chapter 4:Crowd Simulation 4.1| Definition A crowd is defined to be collection of people or group of people[1]. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of humans as well as animals[2]. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such as riot, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, general meetings and sport events[3]. 4.2| Crowd: Scholars differ about what classes of social events fall under the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors include is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to carry out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types. The treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a similar view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors thought that their ideas were confirmed by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip mania (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841). At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are formed by emotional. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear. A number of authors modify the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. Turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is justified if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well. Some psychologists have proved that there are three fundamental human emotions: fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd: the panic (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). Each of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of six types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types. 4.3| Types of Natural crowd: There are already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are classified into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that influence it, we always like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task. Well thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital Nation site. He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing: Social production crowd: consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux. This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd: classifies exactly as a survey group, giving an average judgment about some complex matter in some cases, is more accurate than the judgment of any one individual person in the society. Nicholas Carr defines that prediction markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the stock market for that matter. Data mine crowd: A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioral data or information that can be collected verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain insight into behavioral or market patterns. The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing effort without knowing that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd: a group that exports and import information through a shared communication system such as the phone network or Internet service. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter. Here were not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services. After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by Clay Shirky, who was also, involved in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there! Transactional crowd: a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and similar services. Event crowd: A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose.

College Dorms :: essays research papers

College Dorms Message: The inventor of dormitories...let's find him, make him pay for the travesties he's visited on America's youth, and force him to listen to Matchbox 20. Can't you see him designing these hellish stacks of humanity many years ago? From the sidewalk he raised his hands triumphantly and said, "It shall be like the projects with less violence and more marijuana!" He then took lumber and Elmer's Paste, as it is often called, to create these pet carrier sized rooms that we live in. You wanna know why people from the projects hardly ever go to college? It's because they don't want to leave their lush surroundings. The actual term dormitory is of course derived from the Latin term for sleep, which is appropriate because that is all you have space to do. You have to do it standing up in the bathroom sink but it can be done. The luckier students have space to scratch their assses but the windows have to be open and their roommates have to be gone for the weekend. When you go home the closets even feel like a gymnasium, and you can romp around in the bathroom like a horny antelope. I can't imagine the kids who brought everything they own to the dorm. I brought like a condom and a sock. Next semester I hope to have a towel and the other sock. I also need a new condom. Forget having space to sleep. Who sleeps anyway? Nobody on my campus. I think it's a rule. This one kid tried but no one knows what happened to him. Let's just say his floor mates never saw him awake again. I feel like I'm a member of the national insomnia coalition. 0ur agenda involves a lot of Frappaccino and staring at the test pat tern on TV. It's like this strange pseudo-vampire lifestyle. Did you know that if you stay up late enough they play the Tonight Show over again and it still isn't funny? No sleep really fucks with your eating habits too. Every night at 2 in the morning you get as hungry as a Bosnian and you have to go to the vending machine to watch the one bagel spin in the carousel of salmonella. People have White Zombie playing until 5 AM, which to me really encompasses my mood at 5 AM. I could be listening to Kenny G and it would seem hardcore at 5 in the morning.

The Effect of Starch on the Activity of Amylase with Ph Variable

The Effect of Starch on the Activity of Amylase with pH Variable Lab Report, Fall 2011 East Tennessee State University Department of Biological Sciences By: Shelby Brackett Date Performed: October 10, 2011 Lab Instructor: Joseph Kusi Biology 1111, Section 018 Abstract Enzymes are very important in chemical reactions. They are used to speed up the reaction taking place. They act by binding to a specific substrate and form an enzyme-substrate complex that may put stress on chemical bonds of that substrate. In this experiment, we used the amylase as our enzyme and starch as our specific substrate.We then used a calorimeter to measure the absorbance of our samples with the variable of pH over set periods of time. Our results indicated that at three different pH levels, the absorbance level of our samples was not the same for each one. This proved my original hypothesis to be incorrect, as I was surprised to find that the last pH buffer had no effect on the absorbance. The first two pH bu ffers supported my hypothesis, however. The levels of our samples kept decreasing over time. As with every experiment, it should be repeated several times to make sure your results are accurate.Introduction Most chemical reactions must be catalyzed (sped up) by protein molecules called enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate specific chemical reactions. Enzymes are three-dimensional globular proteins that fit snugly around the molecules they act on. This fit facilitates chemical reactions by stressing particular chemical bonds. The three-dimensional shape enables it to stabilize a temporary association between substrates-the molecules that will undergo the reaction. The enzyme also lowers the activation energy required for new bonds to form.The reaction thus proceeds much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. (Mason, 2011). The energy of activation is the energy needed to get the substrate to its transition state. KI (potassium iodide) is used to detect th e presence of starch when conducting these experiments. Another thing to consider when talking about enzymes is optimal conditions. These are a set of environmental conditions at which the enzyme works at its highest rate. Some of these environmental variables are pH, temperature, and salinity.Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. (The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity, 2004). Increasing the temperature of an uncatalyzed reaction increases its rate because the additional heat increases random molecular movement. This motion can add stress to molecular bonds and affect the activation energy of a reaction. (Mason, 2011). When a substrate molecule is trying to bind to the active site, presence of salt could alter the rate of the reaction.In our experiment, we used the protein amylase. Amylase  is an enzyme that breaks down starch, converting it into sugar. Amylase  is found in human saliva, where it begins a chemical process in digestion with the hydrolysis of starch. It is also found in the pancreas. (Brady, 2003). We used the substrate starch with the variable, pH, to measure the absorbance of our samples using a calorimeter. My hypothesis was that at each different pH buffer, there would be more and more absorbance over time. Materials/Methods To execute this experiment, we did the following steps. First, you pipet 8ml of 0. % starch solution and 6ml of water into 3 test tubes and label them L, M, and H. Next, you add 1ml of pH4 buffer to L test tube; 1ml of pH7 buffer to test tube M; and 1ml of pH10 buffer to test tube H. Then pipet 2ml of water and add 3 drops of KI into 16 different test tubes (5 each behind the test tubes L, M, and H) and label them L? , M? , H? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦L? , M? , and H? and keep the remaining one for zeroing the calorimeter(reagent blank). Next remove 1ml of solution from L, M, and H to the test tubes L? , M? , and H? respectively. Measure their absorbance and record the values.Make sure to zero the calorimeter before every measurement. Next, pipet 1ml of amylase solution to L, M, and H (mix) and wait for 1 minute interval. Then, remove 1ml of L, M, and H into L? , M? , and H? respectively (mix) and measure the absorbance of the samples and record the values. Repeat this last step for the rest of the samples for the same time interval. Results The table and graph below represent the absorbance levels that we obtained from our experiment. Table 1 Time of measurement| Reaction 1 L (pH4)| Reaction 2M (pH7)| Reaction 3H (pH10)| Time: 0| 2. 0| 0. 85| 2. 00| 1| 1. 71| 0. 53| 2. 00| 2| 1. 46| 0. 06| 2. 00| 3| 1. 42| 0. 05| 2. 00| 4| 0. 97| 0. 00| 2. 00| Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 Discussion In conclusion, the results from this experiment failed to support my hypothesis. My original hypothesis stated that at each different pH b uffer, there would be more and more absorbance over time. Our results show that at pH4 buffer the absorbance increased by causing our readings to go down at a steady pace. From starting at Time 0, the end reading was at 0. 97. This particular reaction supported my hypothesis.The next reaction with pH7 buffer also supported my hypothesis. There was also more absorbance over time intervals. Our numbers decreased but this time, at a faster pace. There was a jump from 0. 53 to 0. 06. This would cause me to believe that at pH7, this would be the optimal condition for enzyme activity for amylase. In the last reaction, I was surprised to find that there was no change at all. The pH10 buffer had no effect with the absorbance of our amylase-starch sample. This particular reaction failed to support my original hypothesis.So, in conclusion, using the enzyme amylase and the substrate, starch, we found that the effect of pH on this solution caused a steady absorbance for pH4, a fast absorbance a t pH7-which caused me to believe this is optimal pH, and no absorbance at pH10. Bibliography Brady, Matt. What is Amylase? 2003. 22 October 2011 . Mason, Kenneth A. , Jonathan B. Losos and Susan R. Singer. Biology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. 2004. 22 October 2011 .