Increasing Marijuana Use in High School

Anahad O’Connor article on marijuana and its usage in American school is informative. Marijuana is a commonly used drug in the United States, as well as other countries in the world. The effects of marijuana are known to be extreme and unhealthy especially among the youth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Increasing Marijuana Use in High School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More O’Connor’s article gives an insight on how marijuana use is increasing among high school students in the United States. The author’s concerns in the article are that the usage of marijuana is becoming prevalent among the American youth. Moreover, the author is concerned about regulations and restrictions against the use and trade of marijuana. From the article, it is evident that the author is worried by the physical and psychological damage caused by marijuana. It is evident that the author is against the publica tion and marketing of the medical marijuana among the youth. In this regard, the article includes a scientific perspective about the harmful effects of marijuana to an adolescent’s brain. In addition, the article has been written to compare the use of marijuana against other common drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes. From the article, it is evident that the usage of marijuana is prevalent among high school students. At least 90% of high schools students in the United States are adolescents. Moreover, marijuana is legally traded in at least 20 states, in the United States. From the article, an estimated 12% of students in the eighth grade have consumed marijuana. Moreover, 36% of senior high school students across the United States have indulged in drug abuse. Further research on the same reveals that peer pressure is the main cause of marijuana abuse among adolescents in high schools. The adolescents who use marijuana risk their health in several ways. For example, marijuan a inhibits brain development since the white matter is yet to develop fully during adolescence. From this perspective, marijuana affects the cognitive function of an adolescent. Therefore, it becomes common to find a high schools student experiencing learning disabilities compared to non-marijuana users. Individuals who abuse marijuana are known to be hyperactive. In this regard, adolescents using marijuana are hyperactive, and symptoms of violence and social withdrawal are common. It is rare to find improved academic performance among students who abuse marijuana.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article is interesting to education stakeholders who may want to understand the usage of drugs among highs school students. The article is insightful on matters pertaining to the dangers of marijuana from a scientific perspective. The article’s inclusion of scientific studies on da ngers of marijuana on an adolescent’s brain is interesting. This offers critical information for researchers who may want to conduct research on related issues. The article is educative and can be used as a source of information during establishment of drug regulation policies in high school education. Moreover, the article can provide critical information for regulation policies on proliferation of the marijuana trade in the United States. The choice for the article was significant in understanding the problem of marijuana among high school students. In addition, the author’s lack of bias in the article is crucial in forming a reader’s perspective about marijuana. Moreover, the article is not based on mere assumption and heresy, but scientifically proven research. In fact, the article offers a platform for a debate about the legalization of marijuana in the United States. Works Cited O’Connor, Anahad. â€Å"Increasing marijuana use in high school is rep orted†. The New York Times 18 Dec. 2013: 1A. Web. https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/growing-marijuana-use-among-teenagers-spurs-concerns/ This essay on Increasing Marijuana Use in High School was written and submitted by user Nixon Kirkland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Discrimination And Harassment

Discrimination And Harassment Free Online Research Papers Discrimination and harassment are serious problems in the workplace today. People are discriminated against and harassed about their sex, religion, race, weight, handicap, etc. For me, these issues are very unethical, and that’s all there is to it. Really, what does a person or a business gain from committing these selfish acts towards others? I guess a laugh here and there from people listening in on the harassment of a co-worker. I personally don’t see what anyone can gain from any of this and surely there is not one company out there who could gain anything from these two issues. Although, I do see where a company could lose a lot of money and also ruin the good reputation they once had. A good issue to look at for discrimination is the Lilly Ledbetter case. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act is named after a 70 year old woman, who worked for Goodyear Tire Company and was paid far less than her male co-workers for doing the same job day in and day out (Pickert 2009). She also experienced sexual harassment many times during her employment with Goodyear Tire. At one time she was asked by her boss for sexual favors of some sort in return for good job performance evaluations (Pickert 2009). When it came to Lilly’s attention that she was being paid around $1,000.00 less than her male co-workers’ she filed a complaint with the EEOC. Shortly after this Lilly was put on a job to lift heavy tires, which she personally felt was retribution (Pickert 2009). Ledbetter sued Goodyear, who said they paid her less than her male co-workers’ because she was not a good worker! Ledbetter fought and won the case being awarded $3.3 million. Only to have it reduced to around $300,000.00 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court also voted 5-4 against Ledbetter, that she was not entitled the compensation because she filed her claim more than 180 days after receiving her first discriminating paycheck (Pickert 2009). The court then sent stated that this was an issue for Congress to â€Å"clear up†. Clear up is just what Congress did. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was the first piece of legislation that President Obama signed into law after taking Office. This law states that workers discriminated on the basis of gender have a fair chance to sue their employer, and that each discriminated pay check, a person has 180 days to file suit (Pickert 2009). Not only after the first check. One issue that I’ve chose to write about in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace is one that is personal. It happened numerous times to my wife Monique at work in the R.V. facility she worked for. (I will not mention a company name, although it is now public knowledge). Monique had worked for the company for several months and had been dealing with sexual harassment for a couple of those months. It had started with simple little phrases from the plant manger to my wife. Monique is a very fun and outgoing person who can take a â€Å"joke† or a remark as long as it doesn’t get out of hand and personal. She not once said anything back to (this also married man) her boss after a comment and did not complain for fear of being fired by him had she spoke to H.R. or the owner. The plant manager got physical with his sexual harassment one day and Monique told him that that was enough and he had better never do that again. When she came home from work and told me what had happened I immediately called the company and complained on her behalf, because she was not going to for fear of losing her job or being treated different at work. I told the owner that if the situation was handled properly that we would leave the issue alone. Nothing was done or said to this man about what had happened! It was not a week later and another incident occurs. Again, I called to her work about it. To make a long story short. My wife ended up quitting work for the company after being treated much differently than she had being coming forward. And not to mention a lot her co-workers’ somehow found out what had happened to her. Her boss was fired after the company found out we had obtained an attorney and had filed suit against them for sexual harassment. The company settle d the case for a good price out of their pocket and admitted to the wrong-doing on their behalf. There is no room for harassment of this, or any sort in the work place. All that this does is distort it and make women/men afraid to go into a job where they are outnumbered by the opposite sex in fear of this. No one wants to go into a job and be harassed. Whether it is little verbal comments or the bad physical rubs, pats, smacks, etc†¦ When this happens we feel like we cannot say anything for fear of losing our job, or even simply that no one will believe us. Sexual harassment cases filed with the EEOC and the state and local Fair Employment Practices agencies around the country that have a work sharing agreement with the commission have declined slowly since 1997. From 1997 to 2007 the total number of cases is as follows and in order from 1997-2007: 15,889, 15,618, 15,222, 15,836 (an incline from 1999 to 2000), 15,475, 14,396, 13,566, 13,136, 12,679, 12,025, and anther incline from 2006 to 2007 to 12,510 (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2008). By looking at these statistics I would say that sexual harassment is calming down a small fraction each year in the work place. It is far from where I feel it should be; and that is zero cases frilled each year. I believe that in Kantianism that this would be understood this as in no way doing the right thing and only for that reason. A Kantian would see no way that any action stated above would bring them, or anyone else true happiness at anytime. A Kantian would have nothing to gain in any way from these actions. Kantians use themselves as a guide to their actions. They know that they cannot and will not gain a single ounce of good from these actions. A Kantian would not consider sexual harassment or discrimination in or out of the work place. Kantians have a duty to do only what is morally right. As to the question of are there any areas of discrimination in the workforce that I believe are legitimate? My answer to this would be- absolutely not. There is nothing moral to me about discrimination or harassment. Not one thing good can come from this. Someone will always get hurt. If it is the person being harassed or discriminated against, the person doing the acts, or the company that all the individuals are employed by. Not one person will gain any real happiness or sense of well being from this. These acts are just immoral in my book. References Pickert, K. (2009, January 29). Lilly Ledbetter. Time. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1874954,00.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2008). Sexual Harassment Charges EEOC FEPAs Combined: FY 1997- FY 2007 (Publication number unavailable) Retrieved March 9 2009, from eeoc.gov/stats/harass.html Research Papers on Discrimination And HarassmentTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

First 3 Religion Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

First 3 Religion Journal - Essay Example The main questions worried modern religious leaders are s Should "practicing" Christian homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgendered people be allowed to serve as ordained ministers? Should the unions of gay and lesbian couples be recognized as legitimate marriages in the eyes of God? These and other questions rend congregations, denominations, and sometimes even our families. One side asserts that people should be welcomed into churches, into the ministry, and into our understanding of the American family regardless of their sexual orientation; the other side insists that any sexual preference other than heterosexuality is a sin and should be proscribed by all faithful Christians. No apparent solution to these disagreements lies on the horizon (Rudy 54). The presence and social acceptance of homosexuality challenges the concept of a God who is known solely or primarily through gender. By their very existence, gay people, and particularly gay Christians, contest the notion that human be ings are meant to live in nuclear, heterosexual families. As a result of their desire to be faithful to and known by God, conservative Christians today are producing an environment in which theological reassurance, salvation, American exceptionalism, homophobia, and political involvement have become gravely interdependent. The marriage doctrines of the Bible demonstrate that conservatives wholeheartedly support sex in instances that uphold the overarching structure of gendered theology. The vicious animosity directed toward homosexuals, along with other aspects of the family values, keeps women at home and dependent on men and thus guarantees every Christian man, woman, and child a relationship with God. Recognition that the bifurcation is not simply between "flesh" and "spirit" brings into sharp focus how hard conservative sexual ideology and the campaign for family values work to keep women in their place. The current struggle over homosexuality in the church, then, is not only a struggle about the morality of sexual preference; it is a conflict rooted in Christian identity and the nature of God (Rudy 51). The struggle among contemporary Christians over the moral acceptability of homosexuality is directly related to who God is perceived to be and how believers think God relates to us in the world tod ay. While the Christian Right championed and developed an extensive discourse about the value of the family and the sinfulness of homosexuality, mainline Christian denominations failed to issue clear, unambiguous statements on these issues. Even progressive Christians marshaled no counterpart to conservative rhetoric. In part this is due to the fact that the belief that the heterosexual nuclear family was both superior to other configurations and in need of protection was hard to escape. It was advocated not only by religious conservatives, but also by an assortment of scholars, journalists, and cultural critics who asserted the family's superiority on sociological or psychological rather than religious grounds (Rudy 54). Homosexuality violates traditional institution of marriage as a core of the society but religious believers have no right to blame or reject homosexual men. In religious tradition, the family is the source of values necessary for resistance to power and tendencies in the modern world. Another Christian justification of homosexuality rests on the idea that homosexual activity is no less moral than intentionally heterosexual activity; that is, homosexuality is morally equivalent to the use of birth control. 2. One of the nine fruits of Spirits is "Goodness". I suppose that goodness is important for every person because

Government Intervention on the Market Assignment

Government Intervention on the Market - Assignment Example Cash dropped suddenly to zero levels and researchers when marketers left in 1962 because of significant finding by market specialists during that time (SEC, 2010). Therefore, prices were destroyed by sudden drop of cash because of strict government regulation. 3. The crash extremely damaged the assurance of stakeholders, who tendered nineteen billion from local equity resources during that time when the increased outflow of cash during the crisis of 2008. The financial challenge contributed to the current financial crisis affecting the economy. 4. The phrase â€Å"like a balloon† means that the flash crash in the market is similar to a balloon when squeezed from one point the problem emerges from another point (SEC, 2010). Therefore, as the congress tries to fix the system by adding more regulation, in turn will contribute to several problems instead of solving them (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). Apart from this, the crash contributed to a expansion with potential long-term impact on economic markets. It also contributed to proposed ways of controlling future flash crash in the market prices using computerized procedures to control the stock markets. Such crashes happen abruptly and fast spread through the market affecting monetary flows. 5. Rules established by the government contributed to the flash crash. Several rules and regulation will make business persons become voracious marketers replaced by machines. This will make the situation worse by not having any support during increase of flash crash. Therefore, specialists noted that the society needed up creating a cheap price to unknown, difficult situation (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). In reality, the crash complex the disintegration of market cash undermining the essential price innovation process for evident stocks. The last regulation had been presented to aid the events of large supply market contestants, as well as a lot of

Consumer Health Informatics and Privacy Research Paper - 1

Consumer Health Informatics and Privacy - Research Paper Example er increasing demands at the healthcare delivery systems, expectations of the beneficiaries), in order to improve efficiency of clinicians and enhance quality of life of the populace on the planet. It is worth mentioning that there are numerous applications of Information Technology in healthcare and each of them is aimed at empowering all or at least one of the following stakeholders: healthcare delivery systems, clinicians and the patients alike. This research throws light two key issues those have been posing challenges for Consumer Health Informatics – one of the applications of information technology in healthcare. The research also lists the steps taken to address the challenges being faced by consumer health informatics. Consumer health informatics has been defined as (Eysenbach, 2000) â€Å"the branch of medical informatics that analyses consumers needs for information; studies and implements methods of making information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates consumers preferences into medical information systems.† The domain of consumer health informatics is majorly centered around the general information and advice from clinicians and other paramedical personnel, and this advice pertains to subjects like nutirition, general wellness, disease management, smoking etc. Users of consumer health informatics are not only those who are suffering from various ailments but even those who have been treated and are willing to share their experiences through bulletin boards, discussion forums and modalities of instant messaging, this kind of information sharing forms a two way communication model as this could take place when the users exchange information with the healthcare service prov iders and other users (Kieschnick, Adler, & Jimison, 1996). Social networking tools and modalities are helping the users of consumer health informatics to share information. IT researchers and practitioners have claimed that on one side IT applications

Crowd Simulation in Films

Crowd Simulation in Films This dissertation is about the study of crowd simulation and why the crowd simulation is in need in the movies. Particularly concentrating about the computer generated movies simulating a large crowd is the most difficult task in the production pipeline. So finding a better way to give the audience the feel of crowd is the challenge. Researching about the silhouettes and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to establish the crowd. Silhouettes helps in many ways to create a mystic mood. . As implementing silhouette in the crowd simulation will helps to reduce the secondary animation and facial expression. As there are so many softwares exist to helps the crowd simulation, This paper will focus on a procedure which will create a crowd simulation by transferring the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Chapter 1: Introduction Animation gives the life to the character. Animating a particular character takes a long time to give the feel. This dissertation is about researching the animation, animating the entire crowd is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is mainly carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a group of members, objects or characters. When simulating a large number of characters in a live feature film is not a big deal. Man power is more important in simulating a crowd in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from one character to many character is a big deal. A lot of research is done about the crowds and the formation of crowds in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies and sport events. 1.1| Aim: The main aim of the project is to achieve an essential method for crowd simulation for animation. 1.2| Research question: The research question for this study will be. What is crowd simulation? Why we need crowd simulation? Researching the existing crowd simulation method. Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method. How silhouette helpful for the animation poses? How silhouette will be useful for simulating a crowd? 1.3| Statement of problem: Animating the entire crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal but at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the different timing is the big deal. The another problem is that the rendering the whole scene with lots and lots of character in a particular scene will make the scene the most complicated one. So finding a better solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the different timing in their animation. There are several methods for the development of crowd simulation. The major method is using Mayas Dynamics. There are several external softwares which helps to simulate a entire crowd. But the method which said by this dissertation is quite simple and easier than comparing to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics. 1.4| Objectives: Various types of crowd simulation method. Silhouette/ Various types. To study the golden poses for animations. Explore the secondary motion for animation. New methods of producing crowd simulation. 1.5| Significance of study: Most of the computer generated movies currently released like Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a clear idea about the crowd simulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is about the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and developing a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters. This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future upcoming CG projects. 1.6| Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can easily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and also using the silhouette to visualize the crowd shot with a different perspective. Chapter 2: Review of literature This chapter will discuss about the article, books, Internet websites, publications which are related to this dissertation. There are few important topics are covered related to the cinematography, photography, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation. 2.1| Book and Internet websites: 1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Cinema in Digital Age It explains about the experiment carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This book mainly concentrated about the cinemas that are experimented in modern ages. They experimented using the different types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene. 2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film Art- An Introduction It explains about the art of film making, this gives the introduction about the film making. This book is referenced particularity to study about the lights and its uses. This gives a clear idea about the back lighting is and how essential to shoot a silhouette shot. 3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern photography It explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the Silhouette stills. 4. Frost, Lee,2003.,Photography It explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How different light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different environment. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting. 5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette: The Art of the Shadow It explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in Europe and America. 6. Popular Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173) This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photography and he particularity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources naturally become the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun. 7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulation This book is referenced for the purpose to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains. 8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital composting: Techniques for visual effects This book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post production pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D Max and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level. 9. http://www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is analyzed to study about the ways to achieve the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a tutor to the viewer about the ways to take silhouette photography. 10.http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. Professional animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation key poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on. 11.http://www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important guide to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the particle effects and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI. 12.http://www.creativecrash.com/tutorials/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the clip and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are guided using the expression editor. This method is based on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.) 2.2| Interpretation: By reviewing the literatures like books, magazines, articles and Internet websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a crystal clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the best way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1| Types of research: Analytical This dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the content from the Internet website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel. This dissertation is carried out with the information collected through different sources like: Magazines Journals Forums Research papers Books Internet Websites Articles Google search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather information from various websites around the web. 3.2| Population: The people who are suitable for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists. They were examined by series of questions regarding the simulation of an entire crowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors. 3.3| Sampling: Judgment Sampling 3.4| Scope and limitation: This research is limited to the simulation of crowd. Chapter 4:Crowd Simulation 4.1| Definition A crowd is defined to be collection of people or group of people[1]. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of humans as well as animals[2]. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such as riot, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, general meetings and sport events[3]. 4.2| Crowd: Scholars differ about what classes of social events fall under the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors include is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to carry out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types. The treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a similar view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors thought that their ideas were confirmed by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip mania (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841). At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are formed by emotional. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear. A number of authors modify the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. Turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is justified if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well. Some psychologists have proved that there are three fundamental human emotions: fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd: the panic (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). Each of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of six types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types. 4.3| Types of Natural crowd: There are already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are classified into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that influence it, we always like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task. Well thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital Nation site. He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing: Social production crowd: consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux. This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd: classifies exactly as a survey group, giving an average judgment about some complex matter in some cases, is more accurate than the judgment of any one individual person in the society. Nicholas Carr defines that prediction markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the stock market for that matter. Data mine crowd: A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioral data or information that can be collected verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain insight into behavioral or market patterns. The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing effort without knowing that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd: a group that exports and import information through a shared communication system such as the phone network or Internet service. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter. Here were not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services. After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by Clay Shirky, who was also, involved in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there! Transactional crowd: a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and similar services. Event crowd: A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose. Crowd Simulation in Films Crowd Simulation in Films This dissertation is about the study of crowd simulation and why the crowd simulation is in need in the movies. Particularly concentrating about the computer generated movies simulating a large crowd is the most difficult task in the production pipeline. So finding a better way to give the audience the feel of crowd is the challenge. Researching about the silhouettes and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to establish the crowd. Silhouettes helps in many ways to create a mystic mood. . As implementing silhouette in the crowd simulation will helps to reduce the secondary animation and facial expression. As there are so many softwares exist to helps the crowd simulation, This paper will focus on a procedure which will create a crowd simulation by transferring the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Chapter 1: Introduction Animation gives the life to the character. Animating a particular character takes a long time to give the feel. This dissertation is about researching the animation, animating the entire crowd is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is mainly carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way. Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a group of members, objects or characters. When simulating a large number of characters in a live feature film is not a big deal. Man power is more important in simulating a crowd in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from one character to many character is a big deal. A lot of research is done about the crowds and the formation of crowds in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies and sport events. 1.1| Aim: The main aim of the project is to achieve an essential method for crowd simulation for animation. 1.2| Research question: The research question for this study will be. What is crowd simulation? Why we need crowd simulation? Researching the existing crowd simulation method. Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method. How silhouette helpful for the animation poses? How silhouette will be useful for simulating a crowd? 1.3| Statement of problem: Animating the entire crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal but at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the different timing is the big deal. The another problem is that the rendering the whole scene with lots and lots of character in a particular scene will make the scene the most complicated one. So finding a better solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the different timing in their animation. There are several methods for the development of crowd simulation. The major method is using Mayas Dynamics. There are several external softwares which helps to simulate a entire crowd. But the method which said by this dissertation is quite simple and easier than comparing to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics. 1.4| Objectives: Various types of crowd simulation method. Silhouette/ Various types. To study the golden poses for animations. Explore the secondary motion for animation. New methods of producing crowd simulation. 1.5| Significance of study: Most of the computer generated movies currently released like Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a clear idea about the crowd simulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is about the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and developing a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters. This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future upcoming CG projects. 1.6| Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can easily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and also using the silhouette to visualize the crowd shot with a different perspective. Chapter 2: Review of literature This chapter will discuss about the article, books, Internet websites, publications which are related to this dissertation. There are few important topics are covered related to the cinematography, photography, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation. 2.1| Book and Internet websites: 1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Cinema in Digital Age It explains about the experiment carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This book mainly concentrated about the cinemas that are experimented in modern ages. They experimented using the different types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene. 2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film Art- An Introduction It explains about the art of film making, this gives the introduction about the film making. This book is referenced particularity to study about the lights and its uses. This gives a clear idea about the back lighting is and how essential to shoot a silhouette shot. 3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern photography It explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the Silhouette stills. 4. Frost, Lee,2003.,Photography It explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How different light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different environment. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting. 5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette: The Art of the Shadow It explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in Europe and America. 6. Popular Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173) This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photography and he particularity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources naturally become the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun. 7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulation This book is referenced for the purpose to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains. 8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital composting: Techniques for visual effects This book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post production pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D Max and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level. 9. http://www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is analyzed to study about the ways to achieve the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a tutor to the viewer about the ways to take silhouette photography. 10.http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. Professional animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation key poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on. 11.http://www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important guide to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the particle effects and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI. 12.http://www.creativecrash.com/tutorials/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10) This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the clip and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are guided using the expression editor. This method is based on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.) 2.2| Interpretation: By reviewing the literatures like books, magazines, articles and Internet websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a crystal clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the best way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1| Types of research: Analytical This dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the content from the Internet website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel. This dissertation is carried out with the information collected through different sources like: Magazines Journals Forums Research papers Books Internet Websites Articles Google search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather information from various websites around the web. 3.2| Population: The people who are suitable for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists. They were examined by series of questions regarding the simulation of an entire crowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors. 3.3| Sampling: Judgment Sampling 3.4| Scope and limitation: This research is limited to the simulation of crowd. Chapter 4:Crowd Simulation 4.1| Definition A crowd is defined to be collection of people or group of people[1]. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of humans as well as animals[2]. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such as riot, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, general meetings and sport events[3]. 4.2| Crowd: Scholars differ about what classes of social events fall under the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors include is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to carry out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types. The treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a similar view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors thought that their ideas were confirmed by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip mania (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841). At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are formed by emotional. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear. A number of authors modify the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. Turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is justified if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well. Some psychologists have proved that there are three fundamental human emotions: fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd: the panic (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). Each of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of six types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types. 4.3| Types of Natural crowd: There are already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are classified into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that influence it, we always like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task. Well thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital Nation site. He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing: Social production crowd: consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux. This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd: classifies exactly as a survey group, giving an average judgment about some complex matter in some cases, is more accurate than the judgment of any one individual person in the society. Nicholas Carr defines that prediction markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the stock market for that matter. Data mine crowd: A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioral data or information that can be collected verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain insight into behavioral or market patterns. The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing effort without knowing that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd: a group that exports and import information through a shared communication system such as the phone network or Internet service. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter. Here were not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services. After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by Clay Shirky, who was also, involved in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there! Transactional crowd: a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and similar services. Event crowd: A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose.

College Dorms :: essays research papers

College Dorms Message: The inventor of dormitories...let's find him, make him pay for the travesties he's visited on America's youth, and force him to listen to Matchbox 20. Can't you see him designing these hellish stacks of humanity many years ago? From the sidewalk he raised his hands triumphantly and said, "It shall be like the projects with less violence and more marijuana!" He then took lumber and Elmer's Paste, as it is often called, to create these pet carrier sized rooms that we live in. You wanna know why people from the projects hardly ever go to college? It's because they don't want to leave their lush surroundings. The actual term dormitory is of course derived from the Latin term for sleep, which is appropriate because that is all you have space to do. You have to do it standing up in the bathroom sink but it can be done. The luckier students have space to scratch their assses but the windows have to be open and their roommates have to be gone for the weekend. When you go home the closets even feel like a gymnasium, and you can romp around in the bathroom like a horny antelope. I can't imagine the kids who brought everything they own to the dorm. I brought like a condom and a sock. Next semester I hope to have a towel and the other sock. I also need a new condom. Forget having space to sleep. Who sleeps anyway? Nobody on my campus. I think it's a rule. This one kid tried but no one knows what happened to him. Let's just say his floor mates never saw him awake again. I feel like I'm a member of the national insomnia coalition. 0ur agenda involves a lot of Frappaccino and staring at the test pat tern on TV. It's like this strange pseudo-vampire lifestyle. Did you know that if you stay up late enough they play the Tonight Show over again and it still isn't funny? No sleep really fucks with your eating habits too. Every night at 2 in the morning you get as hungry as a Bosnian and you have to go to the vending machine to watch the one bagel spin in the carousel of salmonella. People have White Zombie playing until 5 AM, which to me really encompasses my mood at 5 AM. I could be listening to Kenny G and it would seem hardcore at 5 in the morning.

The Effect of Starch on the Activity of Amylase with Ph Variable

The Effect of Starch on the Activity of Amylase with pH Variable Lab Report, Fall 2011 East Tennessee State University Department of Biological Sciences By: Shelby Brackett Date Performed: October 10, 2011 Lab Instructor: Joseph Kusi Biology 1111, Section 018 Abstract Enzymes are very important in chemical reactions. They are used to speed up the reaction taking place. They act by binding to a specific substrate and form an enzyme-substrate complex that may put stress on chemical bonds of that substrate. In this experiment, we used the amylase as our enzyme and starch as our specific substrate.We then used a calorimeter to measure the absorbance of our samples with the variable of pH over set periods of time. Our results indicated that at three different pH levels, the absorbance level of our samples was not the same for each one. This proved my original hypothesis to be incorrect, as I was surprised to find that the last pH buffer had no effect on the absorbance. The first two pH bu ffers supported my hypothesis, however. The levels of our samples kept decreasing over time. As with every experiment, it should be repeated several times to make sure your results are accurate.Introduction Most chemical reactions must be catalyzed (sped up) by protein molecules called enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate specific chemical reactions. Enzymes are three-dimensional globular proteins that fit snugly around the molecules they act on. This fit facilitates chemical reactions by stressing particular chemical bonds. The three-dimensional shape enables it to stabilize a temporary association between substrates-the molecules that will undergo the reaction. The enzyme also lowers the activation energy required for new bonds to form.The reaction thus proceeds much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. (Mason, 2011). The energy of activation is the energy needed to get the substrate to its transition state. KI (potassium iodide) is used to detect th e presence of starch when conducting these experiments. Another thing to consider when talking about enzymes is optimal conditions. These are a set of environmental conditions at which the enzyme works at its highest rate. Some of these environmental variables are pH, temperature, and salinity.Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. (The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity, 2004). Increasing the temperature of an uncatalyzed reaction increases its rate because the additional heat increases random molecular movement. This motion can add stress to molecular bonds and affect the activation energy of a reaction. (Mason, 2011). When a substrate molecule is trying to bind to the active site, presence of salt could alter the rate of the reaction.In our experiment, we used the protein amylase. Amylase  is an enzyme that breaks down starch, converting it into sugar. Amylase  is found in human saliva, where it begins a chemical process in digestion with the hydrolysis of starch. It is also found in the pancreas. (Brady, 2003). We used the substrate starch with the variable, pH, to measure the absorbance of our samples using a calorimeter. My hypothesis was that at each different pH buffer, there would be more and more absorbance over time. Materials/Methods To execute this experiment, we did the following steps. First, you pipet 8ml of 0. % starch solution and 6ml of water into 3 test tubes and label them L, M, and H. Next, you add 1ml of pH4 buffer to L test tube; 1ml of pH7 buffer to test tube M; and 1ml of pH10 buffer to test tube H. Then pipet 2ml of water and add 3 drops of KI into 16 different test tubes (5 each behind the test tubes L, M, and H) and label them L? , M? , H? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦L? , M? , and H? and keep the remaining one for zeroing the calorimeter(reagent blank). Next remove 1ml of solution from L, M, and H to the test tubes L? , M? , and H? respectively. Measure their absorbance and record the values.Make sure to zero the calorimeter before every measurement. Next, pipet 1ml of amylase solution to L, M, and H (mix) and wait for 1 minute interval. Then, remove 1ml of L, M, and H into L? , M? , and H? respectively (mix) and measure the absorbance of the samples and record the values. Repeat this last step for the rest of the samples for the same time interval. Results The table and graph below represent the absorbance levels that we obtained from our experiment. Table 1 Time of measurement| Reaction 1 L (pH4)| Reaction 2M (pH7)| Reaction 3H (pH10)| Time: 0| 2. 0| 0. 85| 2. 00| 1| 1. 71| 0. 53| 2. 00| 2| 1. 46| 0. 06| 2. 00| 3| 1. 42| 0. 05| 2. 00| 4| 0. 97| 0. 00| 2. 00| Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 Discussion In conclusion, the results from this experiment failed to support my hypothesis. My original hypothesis stated that at each different pH b uffer, there would be more and more absorbance over time. Our results show that at pH4 buffer the absorbance increased by causing our readings to go down at a steady pace. From starting at Time 0, the end reading was at 0. 97. This particular reaction supported my hypothesis.The next reaction with pH7 buffer also supported my hypothesis. There was also more absorbance over time intervals. Our numbers decreased but this time, at a faster pace. There was a jump from 0. 53 to 0. 06. This would cause me to believe that at pH7, this would be the optimal condition for enzyme activity for amylase. In the last reaction, I was surprised to find that there was no change at all. The pH10 buffer had no effect with the absorbance of our amylase-starch sample. This particular reaction failed to support my original hypothesis.So, in conclusion, using the enzyme amylase and the substrate, starch, we found that the effect of pH on this solution caused a steady absorbance for pH4, a fast absorbance a t pH7-which caused me to believe this is optimal pH, and no absorbance at pH10. Bibliography Brady, Matt. What is Amylase? 2003. 22 October 2011 . Mason, Kenneth A. , Jonathan B. Losos and Susan R. Singer. Biology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. 2004. 22 October 2011 .

Ethical Issues and Future Trends

Ethical Issues and Future Trends Abstract This essay analyzes two recent news stories wherein the issue of standard business communication consent forms has proved controversial. Legal action resulted when plaintiffs found that their DNA had been used and stored for purposes beyond the scope of the consent form and for which they did not give permission. Consent forms remain inadequate and incomplete in the area of DNA collection and do not provide proper information for donors so that they can make an informed choice about how their DNA will be used.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues and Future Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical Issues and Future Trends No one disputes the value of DNA research in the ongoing battle against disease. However, the business of scientific research in the future may face stiff ethical challenges on the basis of its existing communication tools. Universities and private DNA research firms often use consent forms to manage the acquisition and collection of DNA for one specific purpose, yet research itself often uses the DNA – without express permission from the donor – to underwrite a host of other unrelated research, some of which can cause harm to the donors. One such recent example occurred in the case of Arizona’s Havasupai tribe, based in the Grand Canyon (Harmon, 2010). In the early 1990s 41 members of the tribe donated samples of their blood and DNA to researchers working with the Arizona State University (Harmon, 2010). In April of 2010 these same members won a settlement against the University in the amount of $700,000, plus the return of their blood and samples, for what the tribe deemed â€Å"genetic era betrayal† (Harmon, 2010). The members discovered that the DNA they donated specifically for research into the tribe’s inordinately high incidence of type II diabetes onset was also used to support research into inbreeding, menta l illness and migration patterns of the tribe’s ancestors (Harmon, 2010). The tribe knew nothing of these others areas of research and did not offer permission for their DNA to be used in this manner. Also, the research employed to study the migration patterns and origins of the tribe’s ancestors suggested that the Havasupai arrived in North America via passage across the frozen Bering Sea (Harmon, 2010). This not only discredited the tribal elders’ stories, but also threatened to undermine the tribe’s sovereign rights and endanger their ongoing land claim battles (Harmon, 2010). The Arizona State University spent nearly $2 million contesting the lawsuits launched by the Havasupai by tribe members (Harmon, 2010). The April 2010 settlement â€Å"appears to be the first payment to individuals who said their DNA was misused† (Harmon, 2010). At the heart of this ethical issue lies the problem of the consent form. In the age of the business of scientifi c research’s increasing dependence of DNA to crack disease, to what extent does the consent form protect the rights of donors? This essay studies the case of the Havasupai tribe and so called â€Å"vulnerable† populations whose limited understanding of DNA research can lead to miscommunication and misappropriation in the business environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More DNA holds personal information, and in cases such as the Havasupai tribe, the consent form often does not adequately communicate the full scope of how this personal information may be used or in certain instances abused by the scientific industry. Similar to many other businesses, universities and private research firms typically employ a standard consent form to cover the harvesting of DNA from willing subjects. Federal law dictates that scientific researchers who hail from univer sity campuses as well as those private enterprises in the business of DNA collection and testing must obtain â€Å"informed consent† from subjects (Harmon, 2010). The idea behind these protections is to ensure that participants remain clear on their rights. However, the consent forms themselves typically originate from research that may expose participants to â€Å"physical risks, like experimental drug trials or surgery† (Harmon, 2010). These same consent forms often cannot predict the risks of DNA collection, since the culture surrounding DNA research demands full access. DNA donated for one purpose may prove useful for numerous others, and researchers themselves expect that once the DNA is in hand, all scientific uses become fair game. The geneticist who initially harvested and used the Havasupai blood samples, Therese Markow, upheld the ethical consistency of her actions within the scientific industry (Harmon, 2010). Her detractors, in Markow’s words,  "failed to understand the fundamental nature of genetic research, where progress often occurs from studies that do not appear to bear directly on a particular disease† (Harmon, 2010). In the words of David Karp, M.D., a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, â€Å"the potential benefit from unencumbered biomedical research trumps the value of individual control. Everyone wants to be open and transparent, [but] the question is, how far do you have to go? Do you have to create some massive database of people’s wishes for their DNA specimens?† (Harmon, 2010). The Havasupai tribes argued yes, and the court agreed with them. In another case that originated in Austin, Texas, a group of parents took federal legal action against the Texas Department of State Health Services, Commissioner David Lakey, M.D., Texas AM, and Texas AM Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs Nancy Dickey, M.D., for failure to produce satisfactory conse nt forms that informed parents of the collection and storage of blood drawn from their babies at birth (Roser, 2009). The parents’ lawsuit claimed that the defendants â€Å"unlawfully and deceptively collected blood samples from their children at time of birth and stored those samples indefinitely for undisclosed research purposes, without plaintiffs’ knowledge or consent† (Roser, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues and Future Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The parents’ ire flared after they learned that their infant’s blood â€Å"was now state property† (Roser, 2009). The parents’ main fears stemmed from lack of information provided by the consent forms, and they were concerned that â€Å"the blood spots might be used someday to discriminate against their child† (Roser, 2009). The suit also charges that the state of Texas violates ex isting constitutional shields â€Å"against unlawful searches and seizures,† while simultaneously flouting existing privacy laws (Roser, 2009). DNA research offers infinite potential in the area of disease control. Medical advances certainly owe much of their sustained growth and innovation to the use of DNA. Support definitely exists for the continued use of DNA testing and research to combat debilitating conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimers, heart disease and cancer. However, business communication tools have not grown apace with DNA improvement, and as a result donors consistently receive inadequate information. The lack of information leads to lack of trust, and lack of trust in the public sphere has the potential to undermine public support, not to mention severely curtail the number of willing DNA donors. Existing consent forms do not â€Å"fully inform†¦research participants how their DNA may be used† argues law professor Hank Greely, and this communicat ion glitch â€Å"sows distrust† (Harmon, 2010). Researchers will be hard pressed to continue their work without the trust and participation of donors. DNA creates a new era of ethical challenges for business. Rather than continue to surreptitiously glean DNA via ignorance and inadequate consent forms, business communicators in the scientific industry need to open their process up to public scrutiny and become more transparent with their communication tools. References Harmon, A. (2010, April 21). Indian Tribe Wins Fight to Limit Research of Its DNA. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/us/22dna.html Harmon, A. (2010, April 22). Havasupai Case Highlights Risks in DNA Research. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/us/22dnaside.html?ref=us Roser, M. (2009, March 18). Parents Sue Texas Health Dept. and Texas AM over Infant Blood Databank. Texas Civil Rights Project. Retrieved from https://texascivilrightsproject.or g/Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Greed essays

Greed essays There is a little too much greed going on in society and some psychologist believed that America is the land of the greed. Greed means selfish on desire beyond reason. America is the leader of capitalism. Capitalism makes a country rich and a lot of modernized things to fit in peoples daily life. The needs of those modernized things make people more greed than ever. When theres too much greed, people suffer. On personal level, it makes people devious, petty, unlovable and very jealous. What most people want is money, lots of money, tons of money, along with the tons of things that it buys, along with the prestige that comes with having tons of money, along with the mass attention that comes along with it. As people need more money, it is not enough that they work hard at a full-time job. If they come up with a bunch of money games, and if they become very good at them, then they believe that they should be entitled to out earn their neighbors suddenly by double their amount, or triple or ten times, etc. There will be much lying, cheating, backstabbing and suffering as there needs to be until they obtain their needs. One of the exact problems here is that people wish that other people will handle a problem. Its rather common want lost of money, as much as you can get, as much as people tell you youre entitled to. Some famous people might possibly have special needs, since ordinary people are not hounded constantly by the press and by the public. Famous people might possibly need a bigger, more secure house, as well as special transportation when the ordinary people are trying to fill their live with basic needs. Sometime, the wealth and complete life of famous people can drive crazy on the normal, ordinary citizens. On an artistic level, virtually everything made has to be a blockbuster, which makes shock value and histrionics usually dominate everything, while anything difficult or even normal is usuall...

ENRON Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENRON Case Study - Essay Example ? What is so staggering, so appalling, so outrageous is that this once $50 billion company melted to nothingness during the period November 8, 2001, when it restated its earnings retroactive to 1997, to December 2, when it filed bankruptcy (Hartgraves, 2002)†. On October 16, 2001, Enron Corporation of Houston, Texas, one of the largest corporations in the world, announced it was reducing its after-tax net income by $544 million and its shareholders equity by $1.2 billion. On November 8, it announced that, because of accounting errors, it was restating its previously reported net income for the years 1997–2000. These changes reduced its stockholders equity by $508 million. Thus, within a month, Enrons stockholders equity was lower by $1.7 billion (18% of previously reported $9.6 billion at September 30, 2001) (Hartgraves, 2002). The ability to respond to the needs of the customer by identifying them is the most important strength of Enron. Another added advantage or strength is the integrated approach that the company has got towards doing business at an international level. The company has also got extensive access to various physical assets. This acts as one of its strengths because this is expected to results in growth of earnings continuously. The manpower that Enron has got was also a major strength of the company. The staff of Enron took pride over the company and they gave out their best to improve the performance of the company. The environment of the company was felt to be very innovative and progressive by most of its employees. Also the company had a strong voice of the public i.e. a very good name among the investor group. This too can be attributed as one its strength. Apart from this, Enron was ranked as the seventh on the list of fortune 500 companies which gave the company vast fame as a credible company (Jeff Porter, 2005). â€Å"The company’s reputation and public perception were also considered to be its strengths (Jeff Porter,

The Confidence In Of International Brands Dissertation

The Confidence In Of International Brands - Dissertation Example Figure 2: Age distribution in Saudi Arabia (male and female combined). Data sourced from Central Intelligence Agency The Saudi Fashion Market Western brands are very common in Saudi Arabia. Growth in franchising has been estimated at 27% in the Middle East in general, and in Saudi Arabia more than 70% of all franchised operations are American owned. Fashion from UK, Europe and the USA are all experiencing strong growth in the Saudi market, especially in the area of female fashion. While UK fashion initially had a strong hold over the market, there is now increasing trends towards US brands such as Gap, Gucci and Louis Vitton . The fashion market in Saudi is very seasonally based, with sales following religious holidays as well as the seasons. With the relatively young population, there is large potential for the fashion market. The habits of the nation are changing to become more in line with Western culture, a trend that is especially strong in the younger generation. Women are leav ing their traditional roles and many going into work. These trends are driving the boom in the fashion industry . Despite the fact that women wear the Abaya over their clothes, a traditional black dress that covers them, they often wear western clothing underneath . In addition there is a trend of fashion designers producing colored Abayas that are popular, especially for the younger generation. Teenage girls and young adult females have developed ways of wearing their Abayas that reveal their western clothing underneath, such as leaving the front wide open, or tying the edge around their waists, so their tight western jeans can be seen . There are also many different styles and cuts of Abayas and... While malls in Saudi Arabia resemble the western style of malls in many ways, but there is also strong evidence of the strict religious and cultural guidelines that are in place. Images on the front of music CDs are often censored, such as the sleeveless dress that Celine Dion wears on the front of one of her albums was replaced with a black shawl. Other differences are also noticeable, male and female Saudis are only able to work together in hospitals, so all sales people on the mall’s mixed floors are male foreign workers. At McDonald's the women must eat in a separate walled off section, while men eat in the open. The country has large segregation between men and women, so much so that paranoia about men hiding in dressing rooms has resulted in the absence of any dressing rooms in malls. The Kingdom Centre in Riyadh is attempting to turn this into a business advantage rather than a logistical hassle. They offer a female only floor, where all staff and security are female an d females are free to walk around in western style clothing, checking in their Abayas if they wish). Both products and sales are advertised in a wide number of ways, similar to in the western market. Internet advertisements are common, especially with the increasing use of the internet. Blogging has become a popular means of expressing the opinion, especially as media is tightly controlled. Because of this, flash and static advertising are common through blogging sites, although these are mainly for fashion stores in general.